Wybory parlamentarne i prezydenckie na świecie

Co czeka nas w nadchodzącym roku? Centrum Stosunków Międzynarodowych przedstawia listę wyborów parlamentarnych i prezydenckich na świecie w 2024 roku.

List of Election Dates in Chronological Order

Date	Country	Election
September 1, 2023	SINGAPORE	Presidential
September 9, 2023	MALDIVES	Presidential
September 29, 2023	SWAZILAND	LEGISLATIVE
September 30, 2023	SLOVAKIA	Legislative
September 30, 2023	TUVALU	House of Assembly
October 8, 2023	LUXEMBOURG	Chamber of Duties
October 10, 2023	LIBERIA	Presidential
October 14, 2023	NEW ZEALAND	House of Representative
October 15, 2023	ECUADOR	Presidential Runoff
October 15, 2023	POLAND	Legislative
October 22, 2023	ARGENTINA	General
October 22, 2023	SWITZERLAND	National Council
October 31, 2023	BHUTAN	National Assembly
October 31, 2023	OMAN	Consultative Assembly
November 9, 2023	MADAGASCAR	Malagasy Presidency
November 9, 2023	MALI	Legislative
November 20, 2023	MARSHALL ISLANDS	Marshallese Parliament
November 30, 2023	IRELAND	Referendum
December 17, 2023	CHAD	Referendum
December 18, 2023	CHILE	Referendum
December 20, 2023	IRAQ	Regional
December 20, 2023	CONGO (KINSHASA), DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO	DRC Presidency
December 20, 2023	CONGO (KINSHASA), DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO	DRC National Assembly
December 31, 2023	TOGO	Togolese National Assembly
January 13, 2024	BANGLADESH	General
January 28, 2024	FINLAND	Finnish Presidency
February 4, 2024	TAIWAN	Presidential
February 4, 2024	EL SALVADOR	General
February 14, 2024	INDONESIA	Indonesian Regional Representative Council
February 14, 2024	INDONESIA	Indonesian House of Representatives
February 14, 2024	INDONESIA	Indonesian Presidency
February 14, 2024	MALI	Presidential
April 10, 2024	SOUTH KOREA	South Korean National Assembly
May 5, 2024	PANAMA	Panamanian National Assembly
May 5, 2024	PANAMA	Panamanian Presidency
May 19, 2024	SENEGAL	Presidential
June 2, 2024	DOMINICAN REPUBLIC	Legislative, Presidential
December 7, 2024	MEXICO	General

List with Reference to Continent

Asia:

Date	Country	Election Type
September 1, 2023	SINGAPORE	Presidential
September 9, 2023	MALDIVES	Presidential
October 31, 2023	BHUTAN	National Assembly
October 31, 2023	OMAN	Consultative Assembly
February 4, 2024	TAIWAN	Presidential
February 14, 2024	INDONESIA	Regional Representative Council
February 14, 2024	INDONESIA	House of Representatives
February 14, 2024	INDONESIA	Presidential
April 10, 2024	SOUTH KOREA	South Korean National Assembly
January 13, 2024	BANGLADESH	General

Africa:

Date	Country	Election Type
September 29, 2023	SWAZILAND	Legislative
October 10, 2023	LIBERIA	Presidential
November 9, 2023	MADAGASCAR	Malagasy Presidency
November 9, 2023	MALI	Legislative
December 17, 2023	CHAD	Referendum
December 20, 2023	DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (CONGO)	DRC Presidency
December 20, 2023	DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (CONGO)	DRC National Assembly
December 31, 2023	TOGO	Togolese National Assembly
February 14, 2024	MALI	Presidential
May 19, 2024	SENEGAL	Presidential

Europe:

Date	Country	Election
September 30, 2023	SLOVAKIA	Legislative
October 8, 2023	LUXEMBOURG	Chamber of Duties
October 15, 2023	POLAND	Legislative
October 22, 2023	SWITZERLAND	National Council
November 30, 2023	IRELAND	Referendum
January 28, 2024	FINLAND	Finnish Presidency
June 9, 2024	BELGIUM	Legislatice
September 30, 2023	SLOVAKIA	Legislative

Oceania:

Date	Country	Election
September 30, 2023	TUVALU	House of Assembly
October 14, 2023	NEW ZEALAND	House of Representative
November 20, 2023	MARSHALL ISLANDS	Marshallese Parliament

South America:

Date	Country	Election
October 15, 2023	ECUADOR	Presidential Runoff
October 22, 2023	ARGENTINA	General
December 18, 2023	CHILE	Referendum

North America:

Date	Country	Election
February 4, 2024	EL SALVADOR	General
May 5, 2024	PANAMA	Panamanian National Assembly
May 5, 2024	PANAMA	Panamanian Presidency
June 2, 2024	DOMINICAN REPUBLIC	Legislative, Presidential

Detailed Description of Elections

2023 Luxembourg General Election

General elections are scheduled to be held in Luxembourg on 8 October 2023 to elect all 60 seats of the Chamber of Deputies

Electoral System

The 60 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by proportional representation in four multi-member constituencies: North (9 seats), East (7 seats), South (23 seats), and Centre (21 seats).
Voters can vote for a party list or cast multiple votes for as many candidates as there are seats.
Seat allocation is calculated using the Hagenbach-Bischoff quota.
Only Luxembourgish citizens may vote in general elections.
Voting is mandatory for eligible Luxembourg citizens who live in Luxembourg and are under 75 years of age.

Parties

Christian Social People’s Party (CSV): Christian democracy, Centre to centre-right, with 21 seats in the current Chamber of Deputies.
Luxembourg Socialist Workers’ Party (LSAP): Social democracy, Centre-left, with 10 seats in the current Chamber of Deputies.
Democratic Party (DP): Liberalism, Centre to centre-right, with 12 seats in the current Chamber of Deputies.
The Greens (DG): Green politics, Centre-left, with 9 seats in the current Chamber of Deputies.
Alternative Democratic Reform Party (ADR): Right-wing populism, Right-wing to far-right, with 4 seats in the current Chamber of Deputies.
Pirate Party Luxembourg (PPLU): Pirate politics, with 2 seats in the current Chamber of Deputies.
The Left (DL): Democratic socialism, Left-wing, with 2 seats in the current Chamber of Deputies.
Communist Party of Luxembourg (KPL): Communism, Far-left, with no seats in the current Chamber of Deputies.

Opinion Polls (Voting Intention)

The most recent opinion poll shows the following voting intention percentages for the major parties: CSV (26.06%), DP (20.64%), LSAP (21.30%), DG (12.69%), ADR (3.22%), PPLU (3.98%), DL (3.22%), KPL (0.40%), Dem. (0.18%), DK (0.84%).
The most recent seat projection indicates the following projected seats for the major parties: CSV (17), DP (11), LSAP (12), DG (8), ADR (4), PPLU (6), DL (2), Gov. (31).

Source: Ilres poll, carried out for the Luxemburger Wort and for RTL

2023 Polish parliamentary election

The parliamentary elections will be held in Poland on 15 October 2023 to elect members of the Sejm (Lower House) and Senate.

Electoral System:

The election for the Sejm will be conducted through party-list proportional representation via the D’Hondt method in multi-seat constituencies.
There is a 5% threshold for single party (KW) and citizen committees (KWW), and an 8% threshold for coalitions (KKW). The requirement is waived for national minority committees.
Senators will be elected by the first-past-the-post method in 100 constituencies.

Political Parties:

ZP (United Right, led by Jarosław Kaczyński)
KO (Civic Coalition, led by Donald Tusk)
The Left (led by Włodzimierz Czarzasty and Robert Biedroń)
LD (Democratic Left, led by Jerzy Teichert and Joanna Senyszyn)
KP (Polish Coalition, led by Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz)
K’15 (Kukiz’15, led by Paweł Kukiz)
KON (Confederation Liberty and Independence, led by Sławomir Mentzen and Krzysztof Bosak)
W (Freedomites, led by Artur Dziambor)
PL2050 (Poland 2050, led by Szymon Hołownia)
MN (German Minority Electoral Committee, led by Ryszard Galla)

Projection:

The survey was conducted by the Estymator research firm for DoRzeczy.pl^[1]. The survey was conducted from August 10-11, 2023, with a representative sample of 1017 adult respondents through computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI).
The ruling party, Law and Justice (PiS) along with its coalition partners, including Suwerenna Polska and Republikanie, maintained the lead in the electoral race with a support level of 34.3%.
The Coalition of Civic Platform (PO), Nowoczesna, Zieloni, and Inicjatywa Polska came in second with a support level of 28.6%.
The Konfederacja Wolność i Niepodległość, which includes Nowa Nadzieja, Ruch Narodowy, and Konfederacja Korony Polskiej, secured the third position with 14.9% support.
Other parties and coalitions, such as Trzecia Droga (including Polska 2050 Szymon Hołowni and Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe – Koalicja Polska) and Lewica (including Nowa Lewica and Razem), attained support levels of 10.8% and 9% respectively.
The survey also revealed that 2.4% of respondents chose „other parties/coalitions” as their preferred option.
The projected distribution of seats in the parliamentary elections showed Zjednoczona Prawica with 188 seats, Koalicja Obywatelska with 137 seats, Konfederacja Wolność i Niepodległość with 63 seats, Trzecia Droga with 43 seats, Lewica with 28 seats, and one seat for „others.”
The estimated voter turnout for the elections was 54%.

2023 Swiss federal election:

The federal election day is set for 22 October 2023.

Upcoming Election:

The 2023 Swiss federal election is scheduled to take place on 22 October 2023.
The election will determine all members of the National Council and Council of States.
Following the elections, there will be elections to the Federal Council, Switzerland’s government and collegial presidency, on 13 December.

Electoral System:

National Council:
- The National Council consists of 200 seats.
- Elections are conducted in 26 cantons using various methods.
- Multi-member cantons use open-list proportional representation with apparentments for allied parties.
- The Hagenbach-Bischoff system is employed for seat allocation.
- Single-member cantons use first-past-the-post voting.
Council of States:
- All 46 seats in the Council of States will be up for election.
- A majority of 24 seats is required for a majority.

Contesting Parties:

Swiss People’s Party
Social Democrats
The Liberals
Greens
The Centre
Green Liberals

Opinion Polls

Latest poll for the Parliamentary election in Switzerland from LeeWas^[2], the following are the results for the major political parties:
- Swiss People’s Party (SVP/UDC): 27.9%
- Social Democrats (SP/PS): 17.3%
- The Liberals (FDP/PLR): 14.3%
- The Centre (DM/LC): 13.9%
- Greens (G/LV): 10.7%
- Green Liberals (GLP/PVL): 8.2%

2024 Finnish presidential election:

The presidential election is expected to take place on Sunday, 28 January 2024.

A possible second round of voting may be held on Sunday, 11 February 2024.

Incumbent President:

The incumbent President is Sauli Niinistö, who is serving his maximum two terms and cannot run for re-election.
The newly elected president will be Finland’s thirteenth president.

Officially Announced Candidates:

Mika Aaltola: Director of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs, running as an independent candidate.
Pekka Haavisto: Former Minister of Foreign Affairs and Member of Parliament for the Green League, running as an independent candidate.
Jussi Halla-aho: Speaker of the Parliament of Finland and Member of Parliament for the Finns Party.
Hjallis Harkimo: Businessman and chairman of the Movement Now party.
Olli Rehn: Governor of the Bank of Finland and member of the Centre Party, running as an independent candidate.
Paavo Väyrynen: Former minister and member of Parliament.

Potential Candidates:

Sanna Marin: Former Prime Minister of Finland and Member of Parliament for the Social Democratic Party.
Alexander Stubb: Former Prime Minister of Finland.
Jutta Urpilainen: Former Minister of Finance and member of the Social Democratic Party.

Opinion Poll:

The survey was conducted by Kantar Agri on behalf of Maaseudun Tulevaisuus (MT), with a sample size of 1,101 people, between August 4 and August 9, 2023.^[3]
The margin of error for the survey is three percentage points in each direction.
Pekka Haavisto, representing the Green Party, has experienced an increase in popularity and is currently supported by 27.4 percent of Finns.
Mika Aaltola, director of the Foreign Policy Institute, recently announced his candidacy and has gained support, with 15.6 percent of Finns backing him.
Olli Rehn, from the Center Party, holds the third position with the support of 11.1 percent of Finns.
Aaltola’s support has increased by more than five percentage points since the previous poll conducted in April.
Haavisto’s support has increased by about three percentage points, while Rehn’s support has remained relatively stable.
Jussi Halla-aho from the Finns Party is the fourth most popular candidate, receiving 8.8 percent support in the survey.
Li Andersson, the chair of the Left Alliance, is chosen by approximately 3.9 percent of Finns, making her the fifth most popular candidate

2024 Belgium Federal Election

Federal elections are scheduled to be held in Belgium on 9 June 2024.

Electoral System:

The 150 members of the Chamber of Representatives will be elected for a five-year term.
European and regional elections are scheduled to take place on the same day.
All 150 seats in the Chamber of Representatives, 76 seats are needed for a majority

Political Parties:

N-VA (New Flemish Alliance): Flemish nationalist party led by Bart De Wever. They have a center-right to right-wing ideology and primarily use Dutch as their language. They have 25 out of 150 members.
PS (Socialist Party): Social democratic party led by Paul Magnette. They have a center-left to left-wing ideology and primarily use French as their language. They have 20 out of 150 members.
VB (Flemish Interest): Right-wing populist party led by Tom Van Grieken. They have a right-wing to far-right ideology and primarily use Dutch as their language. They have 18 out of 150 members.
MR (Reformist Movement): Liberal party led by Georges-Louis Bouchez. They have a center-right ideology and primarily use French as their language. They have 14 out of 150 members.
Ecolo: Green party led by Rajae Maouane and Jean-Marc Nollet. They have a center-left to left-wing ideology and primarily use French as their language. They have 13 out of 150 members.
CD&V (Christian Democratic & Flemish): Christian democratic party led by Sammy Mahdi. They have a center to center-right ideology and primarily use Dutch as their language. They have 12 out of 150 members.

Singapore Presidential Election (September 1, 2023)

In the upcoming Singapore Presidential Election, scheduled for September 1, 2023, citizens will cast their votes to elect the ceremonial head of state. The President of Singapore holds a unique role as a symbol of national unity and guardian of the country’s constitutional framework. Although the President’s executive powers are limited, the position holds significant moral authority.

Singapore is gearing up for its upcoming presidential election with three candidates competing for the position, each bringing a unique perspective to the table. The role of the president in Singapore is largely ceremonial, but it holds a crucial responsibility of safeguarding the nation’s reserves, the details of which are kept confidential.

The candidates vying for the presidency include Tharman Shanmugaratnam, a former deputy prime minister, finance minister, and central bank chairman; Ng Kok Song, former chief investment officer of Singapore’s sovereign wealth fund; and Tan Kin Lian, former chief executive of local insurer NTUC Income.

The campaign has revealed various issues that resonate with the public, such as concerns about the high cost of living, unaffordable housing, and competition for jobs with foreigners. Additionally, questions about the independence of the president in decision-making have arisen, with some Singaporeans desiring a more outspoken president who can provide checks on the government’s policies.

The election has taken on a somewhat partisan tone, particularly with candidate Tan Kin Lian positioning himself as an advocate of anti-establishment sentiments. The competition underscores differing visions of the presidency and its role in Singaporean society. Some citizens are seeking a president who can question government decisions, provide accountability, and maintain neutrality.

Despite its ceremonial nature, the presidential election in Singapore is attracting attention due to the complexities surrounding the role and expectations of the president. The diverse backgrounds and expertise of the candidates highlight the evolving nature of Singaporean politics and the desire for a more engaged and influential presidency, even within its limited powers.^[4]

Maldives Presidential Election (September 9, 2023)

On September 9, 2023, the Maldives is set to hold its Presidential Election, a crucial event determining the leadership of this tropical archipelago nation. The President of the Maldives functions as both the head of state and government, wielding significant executive powers.

In the upcoming presidential elections of the Maldives, incumbent President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih, along with seven other candidates, has registered to contest. This marks the fourth election in the island archipelago since its transition to a multiparty democracy in 2008. The competition is expected to be fierce, particularly due to the split of democracy advocate and former President Mohamed Nasheed from the ruling Maldivian Democratic Party. Nasheed’s newly formed party, The Democrats, has nominated lawmaker Ilyas Labeeb as its candidate. Notably, Nasheed played a vital role in the pro-democracy movement leading up to the 2008 election and became the country’s first democratically elected president.

In addition to Solih and Labeeb, other contenders include Mohamed Muiz, nominated by the main opposition People’s National Congress, after its leader Abdullah Yameen was disqualified due to a corruption-related jail sentence. The list of candidates also features former ministers, businessmen, and even a son of a previous long-standing ruler.

The Maldives, known for its luxury island resorts, adopted multiparty presidential elections in 2008 after years under a single ruler. Nasheed’s initial election victory in 2008 marked a significant step towards democracy, but his term was cut short due to public protests in 2012. Following various political twists, incumbent President Solih took office, while Nasheed faced legal issues that prevented him from contesting in later elections. The forthcoming election will be a key moment in the nation’s democratic journey, with candidates vying to lead the country and address its challenges.^[5]

Swaziland Legislative Election (September 29, 2023)

The Swaziland Legislative Election, to be held on September 29, 2023, holds paramount importance in shaping the country’s legislative landscape. Swaziland, known as Eswatini since 2018, operates within a monarchy framework, and this election determines the composition of the legislative body. Through this electoral process, citizens exercise their right to choose representatives who will contribute to the creation of laws and the governance of the nation.

Political Landscape Unchanged

Eswatini, the last African absolute monarchy, will conduct parliamentary elections on September 29. Despite the elections, King Mswati III’s control over the nation remains steadfast, as he has held power since 1986.

Limited Impact

The upcoming elections are not anticipated to bring significant political change, given the king’s absolute authority. The voting process is complex, ensuring minimal opposition to the king’s rule.

Process Details

Voter registration begins soon, followed by candidate selection in August. Secondary elections on September 29 will conclude the process. The elections involve a convoluted system that favors the king’s power and limits dissent.

Challenges and Criticisms

Eswatini previously experienced violent crackdowns on demonstrations seeking democratic reforms. The king appoints a portion of lawmakers and holds considerable authority over legislation. Criticisms against Mswati’s lavish lifestyle and widespread poverty persist.^[6]

Slovakia Legislative Election (September 30, 2023)

Slovakia’s Legislative Election, scheduled for September 30, 2023, is a cornerstone of the country’s democratic process. In this election, Slovakian citizens will cast their votes to determine the composition of the National Council, the unicameral parliament. The elected representatives will play a pivotal role in crafting legislation, representing constituents’ interests, and participating in the governance of the nation.

Potential Political Shift

Snap elections in Slovakia are anticipated to lead former Prime Minister Robert Fico to power, with implications for the country’s foreign policy. Fico’s pro-Kremlin stance could weaken Slovakia’s support for Ukraine.

Background

Slovakia had long supported Ukraine, especially against Russian aggression. The 1998 Consensus held that Slovakia’s foreign policy should align with the West. However, Fico’s return to power might change this.

Anti-Western Sentiment

Fico’s anti-Western shift began after his removal from office in 2018. He shifted his party’s stance towards a more pro-Russia position, especially exacerbated by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

Changing Foreign Policy

Fico’s return could potentially lead to a complete reversal of Slovakia’s foreign policy, with a shift towards a pro-Kremlin stance. Fico’s rhetoric and actions indicate his intention to challenge Western alignments.

Impact on Ukraine

Slovakia’s shift could harm Ukraine, which is currently fighting Russian aggression. Fico’s anti-U.S. and pro-Russia stance might hinder unity against Russian propaganda.

Warning Signs

Western nations should pay attention to this potential shift, as it may impact regional stability and Ukraine’s struggle against Russian influence.^[7]

Tuvalu House of Assembly Election (September 30, 2023)

The Tuvalu House of Assembly Election, slated for September 30, 2023, is a vital democratic exercise for this small Pacific island nation. Tuvaluans will choose their representatives who will occupy seats in the single-chamber parliament, the House of Assembly.

Liberia Presidential Election (October 10, 2023)

The forthcoming Liberia Presidential Election, scheduled for October 10, 2023, holds profound significance for the nation’s political landscape. Liberian citizens will exercise their right to vote, selecting the President who will serve as both the head of state and government.

George Weah

Incumbent President George Weah seeks a second mandate, emphasizing infrastructure projects and policy victories such as free tertiary education. Critics point to increased inflation and his track record against corruption.

Joseph Boakai

Joseph Nyumah Boakai, from the Unity Party, aims for the presidency after serving as vice president from 2006 to 2018. His campaign focuses on agriculture, roads, and education. Critics question his age (73) and health.

Alexander Cummings

Businessman and politician Alexander B. Cummings, running under the Collaborating Political Parties (CPP), emphasizes economic growth, support for a war crimes court, business financing, and agriculture.

Tiawan Gongloe

Human rights lawyer Tiawan Gongloe runs on an „anti-corruption” platform. He has a history of legal representation for journalists, pro-democracy groups, and human rights NGOs. Gongloe also served as president of the Liberian National Bar Association and has public sector experience.

The election will be held on October 10th, with a run-off if no candidate secures 50% + 1 of the votes.^[8]

New Zealand House of Representatives Election (October 14, 2023)

The New Zealand House of Representatives Election, set for October 14, 2023, is a cornerstone of the country’s democratic process. New Zealanders will cast their votes to select representatives for the House of Representatives, the unicameral parliament. These elected officials will contribute to lawmaking, policy formulation, and the overall governance of the nation.

Support Shifts to Smaller Parties

A recent poll suggests New Zealand might have a hung parliament after the October election. The Taxpayers’ Union – Curia poll indicates waning support for major parties, benefiting smaller contenders. The center-right National Party and ACT party’s projected seats are down to 60, while the center-left bloc of Labour Party and Greens is up to 60. A majority mandates 61 out of 120 seats. Support for major parties dropped, with gains for the Maori Party, NZ First, and Democracy NZ.

Public Perception and Leadership

Around seven months into Prime Minister Chris Hipkins’ term, a record number of New Zealanders feel the country is on the wrong track. Polling shows 64.5% pessimism and 22.1% optimism. The monthly poll sampled 1,000 voters between July 2 and 10, revealing growing dissatisfaction.^[9]

Ecuador Presidential Runoff Election (October 15, 2023)

Following the initial Presidential Election, Ecuador is scheduled to hold a runoff on October 15, 2023. This event is crucial in determining the President of Ecuador.

Assassination Amplifies Security Concerns

The assassination of presidential candidate Fernando Villavicencio just days before Ecuador’s first-round vote intensified security concerns. The incident highlights a deepening security crisis, as criminal groups gain more control in a country once considered safe. This escalating situation has far-reaching implications for Ecuador’s upcoming October 15 runoff and Latin America’s democratic stability.

Candidates and Political Landscape

Conservative President Guillermo Lasso’s invocation of a constitutional mechanism led to elections, marked by protests, stagnation, and corruption allegations. Left-wing candidate Luisa González, backed by former president Rafael Correa, emerged as a frontrunner, while centrist Daniel Noboa gained traction with a strong debate performance. Both candidates face challenges, including addressing the deteriorating security situation and the choice between a strong state (González) and a more centrist approach (Noboa).

Security Crisis and Electoral Dynamics

Ecuador’s rising murder rate and transnational criminal presence emphasize the pressing need for security reforms. The assassination of Villavicencio, who vowed to combat organized crime, underscores the urgency. The next president’s ability to address security challenges is limited by the short time before the 2025 elections. Unity against crime and corruption, along with economic models and environmental stances, will shape voter decisions in the runoff.^[10]

Argentina General Election (October 22, 2023)

The Argentina General Election, scheduled for October 22, 2023, is a comprehensive democratic event that will determine the course of the nation’s governance. Citizens will vote for various positions, including President and members of the National Congress. The outcome of this election will influence economic policies, social programs, and Argentina’s role on the international stage.

Leading Candidates and Party Advantage

Following the „PASO” primary elections, Argentina’s upcoming election seems dominated by Patricia Bullrich (JxC), Javier Milei (LLA), and Sergio Massa (Frente). Javier Milei is currently leading the polls with a significant advantage over Patricia Bullrich. Both Juntos (JxC) and Frente have an edge over other political parties, as per various polls.

Demographic Insights and Voting Trends

A June 2023 poll revealed distinct gender-based voting preferences. JxC garnered the highest female support, while LLA found favor among males. There’s also a generational divide, with older groups favoring classic ideologies in Todos and JxC, while younger voters lean towards newer parties like LLA.

Dominant Concerns in Argentina

Inflation remains a primary concern, plaguing Argentina for decades with recurring price hikes, causing economic upheaval for individuals, businesses, and the government. Between 2022 and 2023, inflation surged, reaching 72% in 2022 and anticipated to hit nearly 100% in 2023. Corruption is the second key issue, contributing to voters turning away from the ruling party.^[11]

Bhutan National Assembly Election (October 31, 2023)

The Bhutan National Assembly Election, taking place on October 31, 2023, is a vital democratic process for this Himalayan kingdom. Bhutanese citizens will exercise their right to vote, selecting representatives for the National Assembly.

Oman Consultative Assembly Election (October 31, 2023)

The Oman Consultative Assembly Election, scheduled for October 31, 2023, holds significance in the nation’s political landscape. This election is a key element of Oman’s political structure, allowing citizens to participate in selecting members for the Consultative Assembly, which provides input and advice on legislative matters.

Introduction:

Oman’s historical introduction of electronic voting (e-voting) for Majlis Ash’shura’s Members Election Law marks a significant advancement in electoral processes. The Royal Decree No 54/2023 outlines the transformative shift towards utilizing information technology for candidate selection and result management.

E-Voting Implementation:

For the first time in Majlis Ash’shura’s election history, electronic voting will be utilized within and outside Oman. Candidates will be elected using IT means, and results will be stored securely in IT systems adhering to technical and security standards. This approach enhances the integrity and efficiency of the electoral process.

Supreme Elections Committee and Electoral Oversight:

The Supreme Elections Committee, headed by a deputy chairman of the Supreme Court, supervises the elections, decides on electoral appeals, and approves final voting results. The committee consists of various members, including a Supreme Court judge and representatives from the Ministry of Interior. It holds the authority to declare elections invalid in case of law violations.

Candidate Eligibility and Announcement of Results:

Article 15 of the Council of Oman Law sets the criteria for candidacy. Oman’s Ministry of Interior can release preliminary election results during the voting process. The extensive participation of 883 candidates, including 33 women, demonstrates the significance of the 10th Majlis Ash’shura elections.

In conclusion, Oman’s implementation of e-voting, the establishment of the Supreme Elections Committee, and the emphasis on candidate eligibility reflect the country’s commitment to modernizing its electoral procedures for increased efficiency and transparency.^[12]

Madagascar Malagasy Presidency Election (November 9, 2023)

On November 9, 2023, Madagascar will hold its Malagasy Presidency Election, determining the nation’s leadership. Citizens will vote for the President of Madagascar.

Election Schedule and Tensions:

The Madagascan government has announced the presidential election dates, with the first round planned for November 9 and a potential second round on December 20. The Independent National Electoral Commission proposed these dates. However, the situation is tense due to controversies surrounding President Andry Rajoelina’s dual French-Malagasy nationality.

Dual Nationality Controversy:

President Rajoelina’s French citizenship, gained in 2014, has raised concerns about his Malagasy nationality, potentially affecting his eligibility to run for presidency. If he loses Malagasy nationality, he could be barred from both running the country and standing for election. The ruling party contests this interpretation, leading to uncertainty over Rajoelina’s candidacy.

Opposition and International Support:

Former President Marc Ravalomanana, ousted in 2008 by Rajoelina, has officially declared his candidacy from the opposition. Meanwhile, France and the European Union have promised financial aid totaling one million euros each to support the election. The aid underscores the international interest in Madagascar’s electoral process.^[13]

Mali Legislative Election (November 9, 2023)

The Mali Legislative Election, scheduled for November 9, 2023, plays a critical role in the country’s political landscape. Malian citizens will exercise their right to vote, selecting representatives for the National Assembly. These elected officials will contribute to lawmaking, governance, and the socio-economic development of Mali.

Election Timeline for Transition:

The Malian government has established an electoral calendar for its transitional period. The presidential election is scheduled for February 2024, while the referendum on the new constitution is set for March 2023. Legislative elections are planned between October and November 2023, followed by local elections in June 2023. These dates were validated during a government meeting, marking a significant step towards restoring constitutional order after the country experienced two coups d’état in August 2020 and May 2021.

ECOWAS Negotiations and Sanctions:

The adoption of this timetable follows negotiations between Bamako and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), which imposed sanctions on Mali in January. The sanctions, including an embargo, have strained the economy and were placed until a viable timetable for a return to civilian leadership is presented. ECOWAS has been urging for a swift transition to civilian rule in Mali to address its ongoing security and political crisis.^[14]

West African Mediator’s Role:

Former Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan, acting as a West African mediator, has engaged in discussions with military authorities to find a compromise for the transition. The timetable will be presented to ECOWAS heads of state during their summit in Accra, aiming to receive approval for the steps toward restoring democratic governance in Mali.

Marshall Islands Parliament Election (November 20, 2023)

The Marshall Islands Parliament Election, set for November 20, 2023, is a significant democratic event in this Pacific island nation. Marshallese citizens will vote for members of the Nitijela, the country’s unicameral parliament.

Ireland Referendum (November 30, 2023)

Postponement Expected

There is a growing expectation in the Irish government that the planned referendum to replace the article in the Constitution regarding women’s „duties in the home” will be postponed. Difficulties in agreeing on a replacement article’s wording and concerns about divisive debates surrounding the definition of the family and gender issues have contributed to this expectation.

Lack of Clarity

Senior officials and politicians involved in discussions on the issue have expressed doubts about the referendum taking place this year. Questions about the definition of a family and gender-related matters have raised concerns among ministers who may not have clear answers. There is a cautious approach, as the campaign could potentially become a contentious debate on gender and transgender issues.

Proposed Amendments

A group of senior officials is working on a revised wording for the proposed constitutional change. The expectation is that the meeting in September will finalize the revised wording. However, the tight timeline for legislation and a public information campaign leaves limited time for adequate preparations.^[15]

Chad Referendum (December 17, 2023)

The Chad Referendum, set for December 17, 2023, is a democratic exercise where citizens will vote on a specific issue or constitutional amendment. Referendums allow Chad’s population to directly participate in shaping the nation’s laws and governance.

Chad has set the date for its constitutional referendum, which will take place on December 17, 2023. The National Commission responsible for organizing the referendum has announced the electoral process timeline. The first phase involves voter registration for the revision of the electoral lists, with equal durations of 15 days for registration in different provinces. The new electoral file is expected on November 12, followed by the electoral campaign from November 25 to December 15. Provisional results will be announced on December 26. The referendum aims to ensure a return to constitutional order in Chad, but there have been disagreements among the government, opposition, and civil society regarding the organization and composition of the commission.^[16]

Chile Referendum (December 18, 2023)

On December 18, 2023, Chile is scheduled to hold a Referendum, enabling citizens to vote on a specific issue or constitutional amendment. Referendums are vital mechanisms for direct democratic participation, allowing Chileans to influence laws and policies.

Iraq Regional Election (December 20, 2023)

The Iraq Regional Election, scheduled for December 20, 2023, is a significant event that determines regional representation and governance within the country. Citizens of Iraq’s regions will cast their votes to select representatives for their regional governments, contributing to local decision-making and governance.

Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Presidential Election (December 20, 2023)

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Félix Tshisekedi confirmed as candidate for re-election in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Félix Tshisekedi, the current President of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has been confirmed as the candidate for re-election by his party, the Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS). The confirmation was made at an extraordinary congress in Kinshasa. Tshisekedi has been in power since January 2019 and will now seek another term in the upcoming presidential election in December. However, his main competitor, Martin Fayulu, leader of the opposition party, has stated that he will not run unless changes are made to the curre

Togo Togolese National Assembly Election (December 31, 2023)

The Togo Togolese National Assembly Election, set for December 31, 2023, holds paramount importance in shaping the nation’s legislative landscape. Togolese citizens will cast their votes to select representatives for the National Assembly, which plays a key role in lawmaking, governance, and representing the people’s interests.

Bangladesh General Election (January 13, 2024)

The Bangladesh General Election, scheduled for January 13, 2024, is a crucial democratic milestone for the nation. Bangladeshis will vote for various positions, including members of the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament). Through this electoral process, citizens exercise their democratic right and shape the nation’s governance.

Taiwan Presidential Election (February 4, 2024)

On February 4, 2024, Taiwan will hold its Presidential Election, a crucial democratic event that will determine the country’s head of state. Taiwanese citizens will cast their votes to select the President, who plays a vital role in representing Taiwan’s interests, both domestically and internationally.

El Salvador General Election (February 4, 2024)

The El Salvador General Election, scheduled for February 4, 2024, is a comprehensive democratic exercise that will shape the nation’s governance. Citizens will vote for various positions, including members of the Legislative Assembly. This election marks an opportunity for El Salvadorans to participate in shaping policies and advocating for the nation’s future.

Indonesia Regional Representative Council Election (February 14, 2024)

On February 14, 2024, Indonesia will hold its Regional Representative Council Election, a key event in the country’s democratic process. Indonesian citizens will cast their votes to select members of the Regional Representative Council, contributing to regional representation and governance.

Indonesia House of Representatives Election (February 14, 2024)

Concurrently with the Regional Representative Council Election, Indonesia’s House of Representatives Election is scheduled for February 14, 2024. This election is vital as citizens vote for members of the People’s Consultative Assembly, which includes the House of Representatives. Elected representatives will contribute to lawmaking, policy formulation, and governance.

Indonesia Presidential Election (February 14, 2024)

On February 14, 2024, Indonesia will hold its Presidential Election, a momentous event in shaping the country’s leadership. Indonesian citizens will cast their votes to select the President, who plays a vital role in steering the nation’s development, foreign relations, and governance.

Mali Presidential Election (February 14, 2024)

The Mali Presidential Election, scheduled for February 14, 2024, is a significant democratic milestone for the nation. Malian citizens will vote for their President, who will serve as both the head of state and government. The elected President will play a pivotal role in steering Mali’s socio-economic development, foreign relations, and governance.

South Korea National Assembly Election (April 10, 2024)

The South Korea National Assembly Election, set for April 10, 2024, is a crucial democratic event that shapes the nation’s legislative landscape. South Korean citizens will cast their votes to select members of the National Assembly, contributing to lawmaking, policy formulation, and the governance of the country.

Panama Panamanian National Assembly Election (May 5, 2024)

The Panama Panamanian National Assembly Election, scheduled for May 5, 2024, is a pivotal democratic event for the nation. Panamanian citizens will cast their votes to select representatives for the National Assembly, contributing to lawmaking, policy formulation, and the governance of the country.

Panama Panamanian Presidential Election (May 5, 2024)

Concurrently with the National Assembly Election, Panama’s Presidential Election is set for May 5, 2024. This election marks a crucial democratic milestone as citizens choose their head of state and government, impacting Panama’s domestic and international policies.

Senegal Presidential Election (May 19, 2024)

The Senegal Presidential Election, scheduled for May 19, 2024, is a pivotal democratic event for the West African nation. Senegalese citizens will vote to select the President, who plays a significant role in steering the country’s development, foreign relations, and governance.

Dominican Republic Legislative and Presidential Election (June 2, 2024)

The Dominican Republic’s Legislative and Presidential Election, set for June 2, 2024, is a comprehensive democratic event that will shape the nation’s governance. Citizens will vote for various positions, including members of the National Congress and the President. This election marks an opportunity for Dominicans to participate in shaping policies, advocating for their interests, and electing their leader.

Mexico General Election (December 7, 2024)

The Mexico General Election, scheduled for December 7, 2024, is a crucial democratic milestone for the nation. Mexican citizens will vote for various positions, including members of the National Congress. This election offers an opportunity for Mexicans to participate in shaping policies, advocating for their interests, and electing representatives who will contribute to the nation’s governance.

^[1] https://wpolityce.pl/facts-from-poland/648732-ruling-coalition-maintains-lead-in-voter-support-poll

^[2] https://politpro.eu/en/switzerland/polls/50714/leewas/2023-07-11

^[3] https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/favourites-to-win-upcoming-finnish-election-neck-and-neck/

^[4]https://www.cnbc.com/2023/08/30/singapore-elections-singaporeans-vote-for-a-new-president-on-friday.html

^[5]https://apnews.com/article/maldives-presidential-election-solih-nasheed-bed2921cac6986e0d9ff53fff7ebb6bd

^[6] https://www.zawya.com/en/world/africa/eswatini-to-hold-parliamentary-elections-in-september-c7s3m7m9

^[7] https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/07/18/slovakia-elections-fico-russia-ukraine-war-propaganda/

^[8] https://www.theafricareport.com/313951/liberia-whos-who-in-the-presidential-election/

^[9] https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/new-zealand-set-hung-parliament-october-vote-poll-shows-2023-07-12/

^[10] https://carnegieendowment.org/2023/08/30/what-s-at-stake-in-ecuador-s-presidential-runoff-pub-90460

^[11] https://www.statista.com/statistics/1376465/argentina-election-poll-candidate/

^[12] https://www.zawya.com/en/world/middle-east/e-voting-for-shura-members-election-in-oman-x6dc592d